373 S'poreans infected with HIV in first 10 months of 2010

373 S'poreans infected with HIV in first 10 months of 2010
By Vimita Mohandas | Posted: 28 November 2010 1848 hrs
 
SINGAPORE : About 373 Singaporeans were infected with HIV from January to October this year, bringing the total number of HIV cases in Singapore to 4,777.

The Ministry of Health (MOH) said it expects the total number of new HIV cases for this year to come close to that of last year's figure of 463.

Of the 169 cases reported between January and June this year, about 60 per cent of the cases had late-stage HIV infection.

And of these, about 90 per cent were men and the rest, women.

Sexual transmission remains the main mode of HIV transmission.

Of the 169 cases reported in the first six months of this year, 166 acquired the infection through the sexual route, with heterosexual transmission accounting for 56 per cent of infections, homosexual transmission acounting for 33 per cent of infections, and bisexual transmission 9 per cent. One was infected through intravenous drug use.

The MOH has urged those at risk of HIV infection and those who engage in risky sexual behaviour to go for regular HIV testing.

- CNA /ls

More underage teens in S'pore see casual sex as acceptable

More underage teens in S'pore see casual sex as acceptable
By Hetty Musfirah Abdul Khamid, Channel NewsAsia | Posted: 31 October 2009 1945 hrs

SINGAPORE: More underage teenagers in Singapore view casual sex as being normal and acceptable.

The Attorney General, Professor Walter Woon, addressed this issue at the third Children's Society Lecture on Saturday.

He said the job for the prosecution becomes even tougher when two minors engage in casual sex.

Modern technology and the Internet have played a part in the changing mindsets of young people in Singapore.

Carol Balhetchet, director of youth services, Singapore Children's Society, said: "The media in various forms is giving that message that it's cool to be quite open about your sexuality. They tend to experiment and try out, literally try it out, and if you are not in the group that has tried it out, then you are not cool."

Prof Woon said young people are becoming more open with their sexuality, with some even thinking that casual sex is inevitable. As such, legal cases that are emerging have become complex, with some minors even going to the extent of soliciting sexual services.

Prof Woon said: "As what I see from some of the cases that come across my desk, they go out and solicit these contacts. In one case, she solicited it in her own home, not far from where I live.....It is not just the girls, but the boys (too)... male prostitute who went on the Internet, gay chatroom to earn money...."

When it comes to cases involving two minors engaging in casual sex, Prof Woon said the law may not be enough to deal with the issue. "It is not easy and this is where the NGOs, the community services play a part. Obviously, it is not just for the judges. The judges cannot do very much by themselves.

"There has to be some follow-up. Even if you send the boy to jail, or the girl to jail, or both of them to jail, there has got to be something done.

"Sending them to jail per se would not make them reflect on their lives. That is the last thing that is going to happen. But good or ill, this is the framework that we have."

The problem of underage teenagers engaging in sexual activities have seen an upward trend in recent years.

Cases involving consensual sex with a girl under 14, which amounts to statutory rape, have nearly doubled over the last five years - from over 160 cases five years ago to 300 cases this year.

Prof Woon said there could be more, as these were just cases that were reported.

- CNA/ir

- wong chee tat :)

Not all venereal diseases care whether you're circumcised

I don't normally post this in here, after reading this below, maybe that's a need to rethink how the venereal diseases and how it affect both circumcised males and non-circumcised males.

These are quite interesting observations and findings and I can sensed there will be some new debates (?) regarding pros and cons of circumcised.

Anyway, let's have a look:

"Not all venereal diseases care whether you're circumcised: A little while back, it was announced that male circumcision significantly reduced the odds of picking up an HIV infection. That finding undoubtedly sparked a series of follow up studies to confirm the effect, and the results of one of them appeared in this week's New England Journal of Medicine. This one doesn't focus on HIV, however. As part of the follow-up process, the authors screened for a variety of additional sexually transmitted diseases.

It turns out that HIV is hardly the only virus where circumcision affects spread. Herpes simplex virus type 2, which (surprise!) causes genital herpes, had a slightly reduced transmission to circumcised males. Human papillomavirus, or HPV, a major contributor to cervical cancer, saw a much larger reduction. This doesn't mean that circumcision is a general good deal when it comes to STDs, however, as the one bacterial infection they tracked, syphilis, seemed to spread to both the circumcised and control populations at equivalent rates."

Abstracts (here):

Male Circumcision for the Prevention of HSV-2 and HPV Infections and Syphilis

Background Male circumcision significantly reduced the incidence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection among men in three clinical trials. We assessed the efficacy of male circumcision for the prevention of herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) and human papillomavirus (HPV) infections and syphilis in HIV-negative adolescent boys and men.

Methods We enrolled 5534 HIV-negative, uncircumcised male subjects between the ages of 15 and 49 years in two trials of male circumcision for the prevention of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections. Of these subjects, 3393 (61.3%) were HSV-2–seronegative at enrollment. Of the seronegative subjects, 1684 had been randomly assigned to undergo immediate circumcision (intervention group) and 1709 to undergo circumcision after 24 months (control group). At baseline and at 6, 12, and 24 months, we tested subjects for HSV-2 and HIV infection and syphilis, along with performing physical examinations and conducting interviews. In addition, we evaluated a subgroup of subjects for HPV infection at baseline and at 24 months.

Results At 24 months, the cumulative probability of HSV-2 seroconversion was 7.8% in the intervention group and 10.3% in the control group (adjusted hazard ratio in the intervention group, 0.72; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.56 to 0.92; P=0.008). The prevalence of high-risk HPV genotypes was 18.0% in the intervention group and 27.9% in the control group (adjusted risk ratio, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.46 to 0.90; P=0.009). However, no significant difference between the two study groups was observed in the incidence of syphilis (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.10; 95% CI, 0.75 to 1.65; P=0.44).

Conclusions In addition to decreasing the incidence of HIV infection, male circumcision significantly reduced the incidence of HSV-2 infection and the prevalence of HPV infection, findings that underscore the potential public health benefits of the procedure. (ClinicalTrials.gov numbers, NCT00425984 [ClinicalTrials.gov] and NCT00124878 [ClinicalTrials.gov] .)

and also

Male Circumcision and STI Prevention: More Good News

Add protection against HSV-2 and HPV infections to the list of circumcision’s benefits.

Although we have strong evidence that male circumcision reduces the incidence of HIV infection in high-risk men, its benefits regarding other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) have remained unclear. To examine this wider issue, researchers examined data obtained in Uganda during two earlier trials of male circumcision for preventing HIV infection. A total of 5534 uncircumcised males aged 15 to 49 were involved.

Of 3393 participants who were HIV and herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) seronegative at enrollment, 1684 were randomized to undergo immediate circumcision (intervention group) and 1709 to undergo circumcision 24 months later (control group). Serial screening (physical examination, an interview, and testing for HSV-2 and HIV infection and syphilis), conducted at baseline, was repeated for both groups at 6, 12, and 24 months. A subset of study participants also underwent screening for human papillomavirus (HPV) infection at baseline and at 24 months.

At 24 months, the cumulative probability of HSV-2 infection was lower for the intervention group than for the control group (7.8% vs. 10.3%; adjusted hazard ratio, 0.72; 95% confidence interval, 0.56–0.92). In addition, the prevalence of high-risk HPV genotypes was lower in the intervention group than in the control group (18.0% vs. 27.9%; adjusted risk ratio, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.46–0.90). However, no significant between-group difference in syphilis incidence was demonstrated (adjusted HR, 1.10; 95% CI, 0.75–1.65).

Comment: Studies conducted in Africa have shown that male circumcision decreases the rates of several STIs in men and in their female partners. Such benefits should guide public health policy for neonatal, adolescent, and adult male circumcision programs in areas such as Uganda, where prevalence of HIV infection is high. Whether circumcision confers similar benefits in other settings is unclear.

I don't think our library has access to these journals, but if you have, please share. =)

- wong chee tat :)