Here are the updates for the projects:
I ought to provide some updates about the project status but I'm quite busy with other stuff and hence delay.
4th Nov: Last week , I'm very busy with project and of course the amended versions of last and the final HRM tutorial (presentation) on leadership.
My adviser told me the earlier portions of the algorithm were incorrect and needed refinements. I quickly made changes and did some refinements. Just got back the changes on Monday and these few days focused on adviser's comments and made necessary changes to the draft version.
Recheck and recheck before the final version. Don't forget 6th Nov is the deadline for the report!
5th Nov: 6th Nov is the deadline for the report! Progress? Panic.
A great deal of time spent just to check and check through the alignments, settings, configurations, and of course print and submit to respective Profs.
6th Nov: The deadline for the upcoming report!
Submitted. Now, there is still need to showcase / demo the simulations and presentations.
Just hope that everything will be fine.
// Re-edited on 11th Nov
- wong chee tat :)
Showing posts with label fields. Show all posts
Showing posts with label fields. Show all posts
Monday, November 9, 2009
Friday, November 6, 2009
IMF predicts "sluggish" growth for Asia in 2010 at 5.75%
IMF predicts "sluggish" growth for Asia in 2010 at 5.75%
By Ng Baoying, Channel NewsAsia | Posted: 03 November 2009 2102 hrs
SINGAPORE: The International Monetary Fund expects Asia's economy to grow around 5.8 per cent next year. This is below the 6.7 per cent average recorded over the past decade.
But in its latest regional economic outlook report, the IMF has still described Asia's expansion next year as "sluggish".
It expects low consumption from the G7 economies to keep export demand weak.
Asian economies have been showing signs of recovering from the global financial crisis late last year.
And while the IMF said growth is expected to be sluggish, the expansion is still at a positive 5.8 per cent.
As widely-expected, China is expected to lead growth at nine per cent with India in second place at 6.5 per cent.
Newly industrialised economies such as Singapore, Hong Kong and Taiwan are not far behind, with growth projected to come in at between 3.5 and 4.3 per cent.
Harm Zebregs, resident representative, Singapore, International Monetary Fund, said: “We see Asia recovering quite strongly at the moment from the very sharp contraction late last year which continued into the first two months of this year. This recovery is led by a normalisation of exports, restocking in the US and Europe, and a very strong policy response of course by the governments here in the region, both fiscal and monetary policy.
“The IMF said that Asian policy makers have one key challenge in the near term - that is, to maintain stimulus policies long enough for a recovery - but not too long such that inflationary pressures, and fiscal sustainability issues creep up."
But the IMF also notes that there are some factors beyond the control of governments.
Mr Zebregs said: "The recovery that's taking shape in the US and Europe, if that falters, that will have an impact on Asia because Asia is still dependent on exports to these countries. At the same time if there would be renewed turbulence in financial markets, a return to risk aversion, that could lead to capital outflows from Asia and could create new stress in financial markets here."
He suggests that to mitigate this issue in the longer term, policy makers should tackle issues such as encouraging domestic consumption.
One way would be to provide better social safety nets to reduce the need for private precautionary savings.
- CNA/vm
- wong chee tat :)
By Ng Baoying, Channel NewsAsia | Posted: 03 November 2009 2102 hrs
SINGAPORE: The International Monetary Fund expects Asia's economy to grow around 5.8 per cent next year. This is below the 6.7 per cent average recorded over the past decade.
But in its latest regional economic outlook report, the IMF has still described Asia's expansion next year as "sluggish".
It expects low consumption from the G7 economies to keep export demand weak.
Asian economies have been showing signs of recovering from the global financial crisis late last year.
And while the IMF said growth is expected to be sluggish, the expansion is still at a positive 5.8 per cent.
As widely-expected, China is expected to lead growth at nine per cent with India in second place at 6.5 per cent.
Newly industrialised economies such as Singapore, Hong Kong and Taiwan are not far behind, with growth projected to come in at between 3.5 and 4.3 per cent.
Harm Zebregs, resident representative, Singapore, International Monetary Fund, said: “We see Asia recovering quite strongly at the moment from the very sharp contraction late last year which continued into the first two months of this year. This recovery is led by a normalisation of exports, restocking in the US and Europe, and a very strong policy response of course by the governments here in the region, both fiscal and monetary policy.
“The IMF said that Asian policy makers have one key challenge in the near term - that is, to maintain stimulus policies long enough for a recovery - but not too long such that inflationary pressures, and fiscal sustainability issues creep up."
But the IMF also notes that there are some factors beyond the control of governments.
Mr Zebregs said: "The recovery that's taking shape in the US and Europe, if that falters, that will have an impact on Asia because Asia is still dependent on exports to these countries. At the same time if there would be renewed turbulence in financial markets, a return to risk aversion, that could lead to capital outflows from Asia and could create new stress in financial markets here."
He suggests that to mitigate this issue in the longer term, policy makers should tackle issues such as encouraging domestic consumption.
One way would be to provide better social safety nets to reduce the need for private precautionary savings.
- CNA/vm
- wong chee tat :)
Wednesday, November 4, 2009
1,000 jobs in biologics sector when six plants fully operational
1,000 jobs in biologics sector when six plants fully operational
By Hetty Musfirah Abdul Khamid, Channel NewsAsia | Posted: 03 November 2009 2035 hrs
SINGAPORE: Finance Minister Tharman Shanmugaratnam says more than 1,000 highly skilled jobs will open up when the six biologics plants being implemented are fully operational.
These jobs will appeal to both fresh graduates and mid-career professionals from related sectors such as the chemicals, electronics and processing sectors.
Mr Tharman said this at the opening of Swiss pharmaceutical giant Roche's biologics manufacturing plant in Tuas.
He said the increased efficacy of biologics-based treatments will result in a surge in demand for manufacturing capacity in the coming years.
Singapore, he said, has built up the key capabilities and resources needed to meet the needs of companies in the industry.
In the last four years, leading companies have invested about US$2 billion to set up six commercial-scale manufacturing plants in Singapore.
- CNA/ir
- wong chee tat :)
By Hetty Musfirah Abdul Khamid, Channel NewsAsia | Posted: 03 November 2009 2035 hrs
SINGAPORE: Finance Minister Tharman Shanmugaratnam says more than 1,000 highly skilled jobs will open up when the six biologics plants being implemented are fully operational.
These jobs will appeal to both fresh graduates and mid-career professionals from related sectors such as the chemicals, electronics and processing sectors.
Mr Tharman said this at the opening of Swiss pharmaceutical giant Roche's biologics manufacturing plant in Tuas.
He said the increased efficacy of biologics-based treatments will result in a surge in demand for manufacturing capacity in the coming years.
Singapore, he said, has built up the key capabilities and resources needed to meet the needs of companies in the industry.
In the last four years, leading companies have invested about US$2 billion to set up six commercial-scale manufacturing plants in Singapore.
- CNA/ir
- wong chee tat :)
Sunday, October 25, 2009
Project Updates / Status
I had not gave an update about the project for some time, because of lots of HRM meetings and presentations.
Finally, I met advisor on Monday and he went through some of the portions that were wrong and the areas that needed revisions. Some of the portions were not clear and needed to change.
Made the required revisions quickly and later part of the week focused on simulations results and discussions. This is a big chapter that had the most changes to do. According to adviser, part of the algorithm to compute the required values in the model were wrong and therefore unable to obtain the required simulation results.
Quickly schedule a time to meet him again to clear my remaining doubts. He took time to explain. The later part of the week spent most of the time thinking it through and checking and modifying the code and verifying the results.
Hope the computed results are correct!
Finally, I met advisor on Monday and he went through some of the portions that were wrong and the areas that needed revisions. Some of the portions were not clear and needed to change.
Made the required revisions quickly and later part of the week focused on simulations results and discussions. This is a big chapter that had the most changes to do. According to adviser, part of the algorithm to compute the required values in the model were wrong and therefore unable to obtain the required simulation results.
Quickly schedule a time to meet him again to clear my remaining doubts. He took time to explain. The later part of the week spent most of the time thinking it through and checking and modifying the code and verifying the results.
Hope the computed results are correct!
Thursday, September 3, 2009
Project Status / Updates
It is quite some time that I provided updates about the project. Most of the time are spent on HRM and BOS.
In these few months, most of the simulations are tested and they are consolidated and the results sent to advisor for checking.
The simulation results using low work function on the model don't seem to consistent with the typical work functions. Low work functions materials are promising because of power savings.
Some portions of code are cleaned up.
- wong chee tat :)
In these few months, most of the simulations are tested and they are consolidated and the results sent to advisor for checking.
The simulation results using low work function on the model don't seem to consistent with the typical work functions. Low work functions materials are promising because of power savings.
Some portions of code are cleaned up.
- wong chee tat :)
Saturday, August 15, 2009
Project Updates / Status
It is quite some time I gave an update on the project. Over the vacations, I had done some work on some of the topics. I will summarized them here.
1) Understanding low work functions on FE. It is known that the material work function is very dependent on the FN theory. However, to be more efficient and use less power, having a low work function material for field emission seems to be a good idea. There are already some research on going in this area, however, most of them lack finer details that I need.
Initial results from simulations (2-3eV) seems in line with typical results (my working model as well as from the articles).
When the work function is made to be lower (< 1eV), on the first look, it follows the typical results. But on closer examination, it doesn't seemed to be so.
2) Tracking electron trajectories follows the classical laws of Physics.
Found some old sources and they revealed interesting behavior. Tempted to write for relativistic regimes but I better not to so.
3) Compiling xoopic doesn't seem to work. I got interested after reading Koh's thesis and from other articles especially from Journal of Applied Physics, but the package were dated in 2002. Searched and tested for the latest 2009 version produces lots of funny error messages. Note: Not a standard package.
4) Report writing
5) Planned for simulating for 2nd model using Zuber, etc. The program (2nd model)already completed and working in just a few days after the last paper.
I did not explore further into the space charge analysis and study the FE behavior due to lack of time. Anyway ,adding the model along with the results would bloat the report!
- wong chee tat :)
1) Understanding low work functions on FE. It is known that the material work function is very dependent on the FN theory. However, to be more efficient and use less power, having a low work function material for field emission seems to be a good idea. There are already some research on going in this area, however, most of them lack finer details that I need.
Initial results from simulations (2-3eV) seems in line with typical results (my working model as well as from the articles).
When the work function is made to be lower (< 1eV), on the first look, it follows the typical results. But on closer examination, it doesn't seemed to be so.
2) Tracking electron trajectories follows the classical laws of Physics.
Found some old sources and they revealed interesting behavior. Tempted to write for relativistic regimes but I better not to so.
3) Compiling xoopic doesn't seem to work. I got interested after reading Koh's thesis and from other articles especially from Journal of Applied Physics, but the package were dated in 2002. Searched and tested for the latest 2009 version produces lots of funny error messages. Note: Not a standard package.
4) Report writing
5) Planned for simulating for 2nd model using Zuber, etc. The program (2nd model)already completed and working in just a few days after the last paper.
I did not explore further into the space charge analysis and study the FE behavior due to lack of time. Anyway ,adding the model along with the results would bloat the report!
- wong chee tat :)
Tuesday, August 11, 2009
Some information about Field Emission
I was searching through the net for some information and I came across this article.
Field Enhanced Emission
The current density in Thermionic-Schottky emission is weakly dependent on the magnitude of the applied electric field. Experimentally it is known that if the field is increased then a point is reached when the emission current starts to exceed the predictions of this theory. There are two models which may be used to explain this behaviour. First though we should discuss the Enhanced Electron Emission concept. If the field is increased above some finite level, then the width of the surface potential barrier becomes small enough that a considerable fraction of the electrons in the bulk material can 'quantum tunnel' through it. The number of electrons at or close to the Fermi energy (for cool metals (T less than T(Fermi)) in particular the bulk of the electrons exist just below the Fermi energy) is very much larger than at the high energies corresponding to the height of the surface potential. Therefore when the width of the barrier becomes such that these electrons can tunnel out, the emission current becomes very sensitive to the electric field. This field emission current quickly becomes much larger than the thermionic current. However the experiments indicate that this happens when the electric field strength is a few orders of magnitude less than theoretical considerations would indicate.
At this point we meet the two competing models: both are based on the concept of surface discontinuities
i) The difference between experiment and theory can be explained if one assumes that on the surface of a cathode, micron sized discontinuities having the form of an outward spike exist. If the length of the spike is>10 times its base dimension then it is relatively easy to expect the local electric field to be enhanced by a considerable amount (> x1000). Then the theoretical model discussed above applies to the surface of the discontinuity. It is interesting that the enhanced emission current from a handful of such micron sized sites can exceed (by many orders of magnitude) the total thermionic current from the bulk cathode at sufficiently high electric fields. Such discontinuities have been observed on real cathode surfaces, and in some experiments at the University of Strathclyde specially manufactured Field Emission Arrays consisting of millions of such individual tips machined in a semiconductor surface have been used as a source of a high quality, highly controllable, electron beam.
ii) The other model is based on the assumption that the onset of Field Enhanced Emission at such a low electric field can be attributed to insulating inclusions (micron sized) in the cathode surface. Electrons emitted from the bulk cathode into the conduction band of the insulator are accelerated towards the vacuum, collisions with electrons in the valance band of the insulator cause an 'avalanche' of electrons. In this model it is assumed that electrons are emitted from the insulator by the thermionic process and the temperature is described in terms of the electric field that has accelerated them through the insulator. This yields a close match to many experimental measurements of Field Enhanced Emission.**
**R.V. Latham, 1983, "Prebreakdown Electron Emission", IEEE Trans. on electrical Insulation, EI-18, pp194-203
- wong chee tat :)
Thursday, July 23, 2009
370 solar eclipse enthusiasts in Singapore stay indoors due to rain
370 solar eclipse enthusiasts in Singapore stay indoors due to rain
By Jessica Yeo, Channel NewsAsia
SINGAPORE : 370 Singaporeans gathered at the Singapore Science Centre to catch the solar eclipse on Wednesday morning, but they ended up staying indoors because of the rain which resulted in poor visibility.
10 per cent of the eclipse could have been seen in Singapore between 8:41am and 9:43am, with its optimum position at 9:11am.
The next eclipse is expected on 15 January 2010, and Singaporeans will be able to catch 30 per cent of it.
But Singapore will have to wait until 2019 for the annular eclipse if residents want to see the moon's shadow totally cast on the sun.
"The eclipse is caused by the moon casting a shadow on the Earth and this time round, the path of the shadow passes through the densely populated areas in China. Singapore happens to be literally at the fringe of the activity," said Dr Chew Tuan Chiong, CEO of Singapore Science Centre.
- CNA /ls
- wong chee tat :)
By Jessica Yeo, Channel NewsAsia
SINGAPORE : 370 Singaporeans gathered at the Singapore Science Centre to catch the solar eclipse on Wednesday morning, but they ended up staying indoors because of the rain which resulted in poor visibility.
10 per cent of the eclipse could have been seen in Singapore between 8:41am and 9:43am, with its optimum position at 9:11am.
The next eclipse is expected on 15 January 2010, and Singaporeans will be able to catch 30 per cent of it.
But Singapore will have to wait until 2019 for the annular eclipse if residents want to see the moon's shadow totally cast on the sun.
"The eclipse is caused by the moon casting a shadow on the Earth and this time round, the path of the shadow passes through the densely populated areas in China. Singapore happens to be literally at the fringe of the activity," said Dr Chew Tuan Chiong, CEO of Singapore Science Centre.
- CNA /ls
- wong chee tat :)
Tuesday, June 30, 2009
Project Updates / Status
It is quite some time that I provide some updates about the project. In the last post, I mentioned that I am working on particle trajectories due to the field emission caused by different current regime.
At the first look, the problem seems to be quite difficult. But is it that hard? To track the particle trajectories, understanding Newtonian physics or classical physics is needed and apply the equations of motions to the problem would solve it.
Now, let's us stop and think about the problem.
But is simply applying the equations using classical mechanics valid at high electric fields? If not, how can we modify to make them valid at space charge conditions?
- wong chee tat :)
At the first look, the problem seems to be quite difficult. But is it that hard? To track the particle trajectories, understanding Newtonian physics or classical physics is needed and apply the equations of motions to the problem would solve it.
Now, let's us stop and think about the problem.
But is simply applying the equations using classical mechanics valid at high electric fields? If not, how can we modify to make them valid at space charge conditions?
- wong chee tat :)
Thursday, June 25, 2009
Field Emission Cathodes and modelling
While surfing the internet and searching some journals from the local library databases, I came across the above picture. I can't remember where I got it from.
Basically, it is a array of Field Emission cathodes. You can see it with your naked eyes. It is typically quite small (microns or nm).
Notice the shape of the individual cathodes are very much like pencil or permanent markers or even some candles. If we consider only one such cathode and consider the tip, it would like similar like this model:
Well, you can say that the model (second picture) does not look the same as that the first picture, but if you decrease the width of the FE cathode, the resulting model would look similar to the model.
Looking at the model, it is plotted in x-y coordinates or simply y is a function of x,
y =f(x), where x is a complicated equation and I don't want to put it here.
Since we know the relationship between y and x, how can we make it sharper or as sharp as possible at the tip of the cathode?
- wong chee tat :)
Monday, June 22, 2009
Project Updates / Status
I'm supposed to provide an update last week but I'm busy testing out different sets of simulations, so hence the delay in providing the updates. Anyway, here is a quick update regarding the project.
Previously, testing out different , but related components gave me new insights to the problem.
Currently, I'm working on the problem on particle trajectories due to the field emission caused by different current regime. The first set of "correct" simulation data is just out. I will analyze and see if it make sense or not. If not, I'll have to modify it. I guess this will take a while and hopefully, I can finish the simulation as quickly as possible.
- wong chee tat :)
Previously, testing out different , but related components gave me new insights to the problem.
Currently, I'm working on the problem on particle trajectories due to the field emission caused by different current regime. The first set of "correct" simulation data is just out. I will analyze and see if it make sense or not. If not, I'll have to modify it. I guess this will take a while and hopefully, I can finish the simulation as quickly as possible.
- wong chee tat :)
Thursday, June 4, 2009
Project Updates / Status
Nothing much progress for these few days except for tuning up the codes and reading and re-reading the papers. Totally unexpected and unacceptable.
- wong chee tat :)
- wong chee tat :)
Sunday, May 24, 2009
Project Updates / Status
I ought to give an update on Friday or so, but I'm busy. Well, never mind, a quick update is posted here:
One of the selected 2D models were refined and used. The latter model was not used because the model would be too long and too complicated for a typical reader and can be hard to debug too.
The 2D model quite agreed with the literature.
The main specs as discussed last week were analyzed, tested and completed.
The next steps to consider:
1) Applying classical mechanics to study the ejected particles. Had long forgotten my classical mechanics, and I need to read up a bit and clear my cobwebs. Oops,.... Now you know..... =D
2) Validity of the model in generalized Nth-D and extension of CL Law in Nth-D. Possible? or too hard? =) I have no ideas but it will be fun to explore into the unknown.
3) etc....
- wong chee tat :)
One of the selected 2D models were refined and used. The latter model was not used because the model would be too long and too complicated for a typical reader and can be hard to debug too.
The 2D model quite agreed with the literature.
The main specs as discussed last week were analyzed, tested and completed.
The next steps to consider:
1) Applying classical mechanics to study the ejected particles. Had long forgotten my classical mechanics, and I need to read up a bit and clear my cobwebs. Oops,.... Now you know..... =D
2) Validity of the model in generalized Nth-D and extension of CL Law in Nth-D. Possible? or too hard? =) I have no ideas but it will be fun to explore into the unknown.
3) etc....
- wong chee tat :)
Sunday, May 17, 2009
Project Updates / Status
This little blog post is to provide a quick update about the project that I am currently working on.
After meeting with Prof on Friday, he gave me new tasks to do.For my part, I gave him updates about my progress and he explained that the methods that I used in the 5 different models (Yes, I programmed 5 different models) are correct for planar models only, and the equations, unfortunately, do not apply to what we are doing or researching on. :(
He explained that in order to do that, the methods or rather the equations have to be changed , of course.
So for the weekends, I came up with some simple methods in order to solve the new tasks. I will provide more updates later on.
- wong chee tat :)
After meeting with Prof on Friday, he gave me new tasks to do.For my part, I gave him updates about my progress and he explained that the methods that I used in the 5 different models (Yes, I programmed 5 different models) are correct for planar models only, and the equations, unfortunately, do not apply to what we are doing or researching on. :(
He explained that in order to do that, the methods or rather the equations have to be changed , of course.
So for the weekends, I came up with some simple methods in order to solve the new tasks. I will provide more updates later on.
- wong chee tat :)
Friday, May 15, 2009
Project Updates / Status
Code Fixing:
- A more efficient method to compute current of a specific field emitter model
A more efficient method is needed to compute surface current of a specific field emitter model without going through the hassle of using complicated integration.
Currently, the simplified version used to solve the above mentioned problem proved to be slow and at times error prone. (See C4)
- wong chee tat :)
- A more efficient method to compute current of a specific field emitter model
A more efficient method is needed to compute surface current of a specific field emitter model without going through the hassle of using complicated integration.
Currently, the simplified version used to solve the above mentioned problem proved to be slow and at times error prone. (See C4)
- wong chee tat :)
Project Updates / Status
Code Fixed:
- Area determined for one of the field emitter models found to be computed incorrectly
Applied a too low minimum voltage to one of the field emitter models (V approx. 2V therein ) can sometimes caused area computed incorrectly and the current obtained was inconsistent with other models even though it was thought to be in agreement with the theory.
- wong chee tat :)
- Area determined for one of the field emitter models found to be computed incorrectly
Applied a too low minimum voltage to one of the field emitter models (V approx. 2V therein ) can sometimes caused area computed incorrectly and the current obtained was inconsistent with other models even though it was thought to be in agreement with the theory.
- wong chee tat :)
Wednesday, May 13, 2009
Project Updates / Status
Code fixed:
- Added newer field emitter models to study emission details
This is needed to understand different models and how each geometry affect emission
- Improved area calculation and current calculation.
Previous methods were slow and unreliable.
- Pre-allocation added for vectorization.
Optimization for fast computation.
- Fast transition voltage calculation.
Just added this code today. Determination of transition voltage was through graphical plots which are more error prone. A simpler and faster approach is used to compute transition voltage.
- Code cleanup
As above.
Wish List =)
Faster automated code testing
- wong chee tat :)
- Added newer field emitter models to study emission details
This is needed to understand different models and how each geometry affect emission
- Improved area calculation and current calculation.
Previous methods were slow and unreliable.
- Pre-allocation added for vectorization.
Optimization for fast computation.
- Fast transition voltage calculation.
Just added this code today. Determination of transition voltage was through graphical plots which are more error prone. A simpler and faster approach is used to compute transition voltage.
- Code cleanup
As above.
Wish List =)
Faster automated code testing
- wong chee tat :)
Thursday, May 7, 2009
Project Updates / Status
Currently, I am reading and understanding this paper: Electric field distribution on knife-edge field emitters.
- wong chee tat :)
Wednesday, May 6, 2009
Project Updates / Status
Exams are over!
And now I continue to do the assigned project. I am quite busy these few days because I have been reading one of the PhD's thesis (Thanks Dr K! =) )and digging through the local campus database for more information and more reading, and programming too.
- wong chee tat :)
And now I continue to do the assigned project. I am quite busy these few days because I have been reading one of the PhD's thesis (Thanks Dr K! =) )and digging through the local campus database for more information and more reading, and programming too.
- wong chee tat :)
Wednesday, April 29, 2009
Project Updates... Stuck!
Currently, I am reading up one of the research papers that were given by Prof. While reading and coding in high level langauge, I came across this interestingly strange mathematical stuff named as: Incomplete elliptical integral of the second kind.
My first reaction: Oh God! What is that???? Not taught in my engine courses..... How?
Lets' turn to Google and see what does it showed up in the searches:
Elliptic integral
Elliptic Integral of the Second Kind (Complete)
Elliptic integrals of the first and second kind and Elliptic Integral Overview and a quick calculator is here (link).
Great! But how to code it?
- wong chee tat :)
Like this:
My first reaction: Oh God! What is that???? Not taught in my engine courses..... How?
Lets' turn to Google and see what does it showed up in the searches:
Elliptic integral
Elliptic Integral of the Second Kind (Complete)
Elliptic integrals of the first and second kind and Elliptic Integral Overview and a quick calculator is here (link).
Great! But how to code it?
- wong chee tat :)
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