Abstract
Objective: Intake of
fruits and vegetables and levels of serum carotenoids have been
associated with decreased risk of stroke, but the
results have been inconsistent. The aim of the
present study was to examine whether serum concentrations of major
carotenoids,
α-tocopherol and retinol, are related to any
stroke and ischemic stroke in men.
Methods: The study
population consisted of 1,031 Finnish men aged 46−65 years in the Kuopio
Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor cohort.
Serum concentrations of carotenoids retinol and
α-tocopherol were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography.
The
association between the serum concentrations of
lycopene α-carotene, β-carotene, α-tocopherol, and retinol and the risk
of
strokes was studied by using Cox proportional
hazards models.
Results: A total of
67 strokes occurred, and 50 of these were ischemic strokes during a
median of 12.1 follow-up years. After adjustment
for age, examination year, BMI, systolic blood
pressure, smoking, serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, diabetes,
and
history of stroke, men in the highest quartile
of serum lycopene concentrations had 59% and 55% lower risks of ischemic
stroke
and any stroke, compared with men in the lowest
quartile (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.45, 95% confidence interval [CI]
0.25−0.95,
p = 0.036 for any stroke and HR = 0.41; 95% CI 0.17−0.97, p = 0.042 for ischemic stroke). α-Carotene, β-carotene, α-tocopherol, and retinol were not related to the risk of strokes.
Conclusions: This prospective study shows that high serum concentrations of lycopene, as a marker of intake of tomatoes and tomato-based
products, decrease the risk of any stroke and ischemic stroke in men.
- wong chee tat :)
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